Pressure calibrants
Many entries were tabulated previously by Keppler and Frost in EMU Notes in Mineralogy vol. 7 (2005) and by E. Ito in Treatise on Geophysics (2009,2015). These tables were last updated on 27-07-2018.
1. Room Temperature – electrical resistance method
| Material | Transition | Pressure (GPa) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bismuth | Bi I-II | 2.55 |
Bridgman 1952 Bean et al. 1986 |
| Bi II-III | 2.7 | ||
| Bi III-V | 7.7 | ||
| Thallium | Tl II-III | 3.67 | |
| Barium |
Ba I-II upper |
5.5 12.3 |
|
| Sn | β-Sn to γ-Sn | 9.4 | Stager et al. 1986 |
| Pb | I-II | 13.4 | Bean et al. 1986 |
| ZnTe-III | Semiconductor - metal |
9.6 and 12.0 +/- 0.2 |
Strossner et al. 1987, Kusaba et al. 1993 |
| ZnS | Semiconductor - metal | 15.6 +/- 0.4 | Ves et al. 1990 |
| GaAs-II | Semiconductor - metal | 17.3 |
Ono & Kikigawa 2018 [P = 18 - 0.0025T(K)] |
| GaP | Semiconductor - metal | 22.2 | Ono & Kikegawa 2016 |
|
Si and Ge (stress-sensitive!) |
Cubic diamond - β-Sn |
10.2 (Si) and 9 (Ge) (less in case of stress) |
Garg et al. 2004 |
| Zr | Hexagonal (ω) to bcc (β) |
33.2 +/- 0.2 (electronic transition may start at 31 GPa) |
Tange et al. 2005 |
| Fe2O3 | Inflection to plateau | 60 | Ito et al. 2009 |
| CoO |
Minimum Cubic to rhombohedral |
14.9 43 |
Atou et al. 2004 |
2. High Temperature – phase transformation method
Best method to use is a pre-synthesised 50:50 mixture.
| Transformation |
T (°C) |
P (GPa) |
Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartz – Coesite |
1200 1600 |
3.11 3.43 |
Quench |
Bose and Ganguly 1995 [P = 0.0008T(°C) + 2.1528] |
| Fayalite - Ringwoodite |
800 1200 |
4.8 5.8 |
In situ X-ray |
Yagi et al. 1987 [P = 2.75+0.0025T(°C)] |
| CaGeO3 garnet – Pv |
900 1200 |
6.3 5.6 |
In situ X-ray |
Ono et al. 2011 [P = 9 - 0.0023*T(K)] |
| Rutile – TiO2(II) | 1000 | 6.1 | In situ X-ray |
Susaki et al. 1985 [P = 6.9 - 0.0008T(°C)] |
| Coesite – Stishovite |
1000 1600 |
8.7 10.5 |
In situ X-ray |
Ono et al. 2017 [P = 4.7 + 0.0031*T(K)] |
| (Fo100) Forsterite - Wadsleyite |
1000 1200 1400 1800 |
8.7 9.2 9.7 10.8 |
In situ X-ray |
Katsura et al. 2004 [P = 6.1 + 0.0026T(°C)] |
| FeTiO3 (IImenite-Pv) |
500 750 |
15.1 14.8 |
In situ X-ray |
Ming et al. 2005 [P = 16.0 - 0.0012T(K)] |
| MgAl2O4 (Sp-Per+Cor) | 1600 | 16 | Quench | Akaogi (treatise on Geophys) |
| MgSiO3 (CEn-β+St) | 1400 | 16.5 | Quench | Gasparik 1989 |
| (Fo100) Wadsleyite – Ringwoodite |
800 1000 1200 |
15.8 17.2 18.6 |
In situ X-ray |
Suzuki et al. 2000 [P = 10.32 + 0.00691T(°C)] |
| CaRuO3 Pv - ppv |
900 1200 |
21.4 24.4 |
In situ X-ray |
Kojitani et al. 2007 [P = 12.4 + 0.01T(°C)] |
| MgSiO3 ilmenite - Pv |
1000 1200 |
24.7, 23.8 24.1, 23.1 |
In situ X-ray |
Ono et al. 2001 [P = 28.4 – 0.0029T(K)], [P = 27.3 – 0.0035T(K)] |
| (Fo100) Ringwoodite – Brg + Periclase |
1000 1600 |
23.8 23.1 |
In situ X-ray |
Fei et al. 2004 [P = 25.12 - 0.0013*T(°C)] |